Guide

How to choose an energy system optimiser: 11 questions to ask yourself

Are you considering an energy system optimisation tool? These questions help you evaluate your options. Optimisers all promise the best design. They differ in whether they find it, how fast, for which problems, and who helps when a result needs explaining. The questions work for any option: a commercial platform, an open-source framework, or a model you build yourself with an AI assistant. They are ordered by importance, with price last. After each one, we also say how Sympheny answers it, so you can compare.

Christopher McLaren, PhD
Written by Christopher McLaren, PhD · Head of AI & Commercial Enablement
Questions? Ask Christopher →
The questions

What to ask, and what should make you hesitate

Do you need an optimiser at all?

An optimiser earns its keep when there are too many combinations to compare by hand: several energy carriers, several buildings, cost against CO₂, a large investment. If you are sizing a single technology, the design is already fixed, or you are modelling national grids and markets, a simpler or more specialised tool will serve you better.

Does it actually optimise, and does it get the right answer?

Many planning tools simulate scenarios you define and report which of them is cheapest. An optimiser searches the whole design space for you. Even then, a solver stops when it is close enough to the proven optimum, and a model can be internally wrong while still producing a clean result.

Check
  • Is it a mathematical optimiser, such as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), or a simulation?
  • Does it state the tolerance it solves to (the optimality gap), and can you set it?
  • What has the method been validated against: published research, measured projects?
  • Will the vendor run a few consistency checks on a case in front of you?
Red flag

"Optimal" with no method named. No stated tolerance. Different results from the same inputs with no explanation.

Five checks you can run on any model →

Is the model detailed enough to trust?

A solver can find the exact optimum of a model that is too coarse. If the model averages away the hours that matter, ignores temperature levels or treats every machine as running at full load, the optimum describes a system that doesn't exist.

Check
  • Does it model a full year hour by hour, or typical days, and how is storage linked across them?
  • Does it handle part load, minimum load and efficiencies that vary over the year?
  • Can it plan investments in stages over decades?
  • Which physics is simplified, and how?
Red flag

Annual or monthly energy balances only. Storage sized on daily averages. No clear answer on what is simplified.

How quickly does it solve a problem your size?

A good study compares many scenarios: prices, demand, technology options, CO₂ targets. If one run takes a night, you will compare three variants instead of thirty, and you are back to guessing.

Check
  • What is the solve time for a case like yours: a full hourly year, your number of buildings, storage and candidate technologies?
  • How many scenarios can you run in a day?
  • Can you trade precision for speed, for example with typical days or a larger gap?
  • Is there a limit on run time, and do your typical studies finish well within it?
  • Does it need a separate commercial solver licence?
Red flag

Timings shown only on the demo case. Solver licence costs that appear after you sign.

Does it match your problems?

Tools are built around particular projects. One designed for a single country's district heating workflow may be excellent there and awkward everywhere else. The right tool fits the projects you will actually do over the next few years.

Check
  • Take your next three real projects: can each one be built, with its energy carriers, technologies, networks and constraints?
  • Can it weigh cost against CO₂ and plan phased investment?
  • Can you add a technology or a constraint yourself, or does it need the vendor?
Red flag

A fixed workflow that only fits some of your projects, with no way to extend it.

Where does the data come from?

Results are only as good as the costs, efficiencies, weather, demand profiles, tariffs and emission factors behind them. Collecting and updating these is often more work than building the model.

Check
  • Which default data is included for your region, where does it come from, and how often is it updated?
  • Can you replace any value with your own?
  • Can you import building and GIS data instead of typing it in?
Red flag

Default values with no source or date. Data you can't override.

Can you defend the result?

An energy concept gets challenged by clients, boards, funders and sometimes auditors. You need to explain why the optimiser chose this design, and show what each tonne of CO₂ saved costs.

Check
  • Do the same inputs always give the same result?
  • Can you trace a number back to its inputs, and export hourly results and charts?
  • Does it show the trade-off between cost and CO₂ rather than a single answer?
Red flag

A black box. Results you can view but not export. No way to show the alternatives that were considered.

Who helps you when you get stuck?

Sooner or later a result will look odd the day before a client meeting. What matters then is whether someone who understands energy optimisation answers, and how fast.

Check
  • Is onboarding included?
  • Who answers support questions: modelling specialists or a general helpdesk?
  • What response times are committed, in writing?
  • For open-source tools: is there an active community or paid support?
Red flag

Support only through a forum. Response times nobody will put in writing.

Who on your team can use it?

A powerful tool that only one person can drive is a risk. So is a tool used twice a year, if everyone has to relearn it every time.

Check
  • How long until a new user builds a real model?
  • What background does it assume: optimisation, programming, energy engineering?
  • Can project managers and clients review results without being modelling experts?
Red flag

Only one person in the company can run it. Every project starts with relearning the tool.

Does it fit your workflow?

Every hour spent retyping data between GIS, spreadsheets and the model is an hour not spent on the engineering, and a chance to introduce errors.

Check
  • Which formats come in: GIS layers, meter data, spreadsheets?
  • What goes out: reports, charts, raw data?
  • Is there an API or SDK for automating repeat studies or connecting AI assistants?
Red flag

Manual re-entry at every step. No programmatic access at all.

Will it still be there in five years?

Energy concepts are revisited for years, and your models and know-how build up in the tool. If it stops being maintained, so does your ability to update your work.

Check
  • Who maintains it, and how often is it released?
  • Can you export your models and data if you leave?
  • Where is your data hosted, and which security standard does it follow? Is it certified, or only followed?
  • For open-source tools: how many active contributors are there, and when was the last release?
Red flag

No export path for your models. A security claim that turns out to mean neither certified nor documented.

Price: what does it really cost?

Price comes last because it is the smallest number in the decision. A licence costs a fraction of the engineering time it saves, and both are small next to the investment the study shapes: on a CHF 20 million energy system, a design that is just 1% better is worth CHF 200,000. The expensive mistake is not paying more for the right tool. It is paying less for one that gets the design wrong, then living with that system for 20 to 30 years. Decide what you need, make sure the tool can do it, and only then compare prices between the tools that can.

Check
  • What is the total cost over three years, including staff time to learn the tool and keep the data current?
  • Does annual or per-project pricing match how often you will use it?
Red flag

A cheap licence that needs expensive staff time or consultants to produce a usable result.

Why a wrong design is the real cost →
FAQ

Questions about choosing an optimiser

What is the difference between a simulation tool and an optimiser?

A simulation tool calculates how a system you have designed will perform. An optimiser chooses the design: which technologies, what sizes and how to run them, so that cost, CO₂ or both are as low as possible within your constraints. Many projects use both: an optimiser to find the concept, then detailed simulation to engineer it.

Should we build our own optimiser with an AI assistant instead?

It is possible, and the same 11 questions apply. The ones a self-built model has to answer on its own are correctness, data, support and longevity: who checks the results, who keeps the data current, and who maintains the code when its author moves on.

Is an open-source framework a good choice?

It can be. Many are rigorous and transparent. Look hardest at questions 7, 8 and 10: who supports you, who on your team can use it, and who maintains it. Include staff time in the total cost.

How do we compare tools fairly?

Build the same reference case in each, ideally a past project whose outcome you know. Time it, run a few consistency checks on the results, and see how long it took your own team to get there.

Next step

Put Sympheny through these questions on your own project

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